Alex Bielajew Portrait

Alex Bielajew

home_outline/People/Faculty/Emeritus Faculty/Alex Bielajew

Professor Emeritus

Contact

(734) 764-6364

Location

2927 Cooley

Education

Stanford University
PhD Theoretical Physics ’82

McGill University, Montreal
BS Physics ’78

Research Interests

Monte Carlo variance reduction, general-purpose Monte Carlo code development and support, development of electron transport theory, development of electron elastic multiple scattering theory, primary radiation standards, theory of ionization chambers, development of theories for modeling radiation dose deposition for medical physics purposes.

Professional Service

  • 2003-present: Professor with tenure, Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan
  • 1997-2003: Professor without tenure, Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan
  • 1999-2000: Visiting Professor, University of Barcelona, Spain
  • 1997 Visiting Professor, Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan
  • 1982 – 1997: Research Officer, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa
  • 1994-1997: Adjunct Professor, Carleton University, Ottawa
  • Co-chair of conference “International Workshop on EGS4”, Tsukuba City, Japan, ‘02 and
    ‘04
  • Co-chair of conference “Monte Carlo 2000, Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications”, Lisbon, Portugal, ‘00
  • Organized and inaugurated the “Elocutions on Monte Carlo in Monte Carlo” E = mc2 Conference, Principality of Monaco, ‘97
  • Organized and inaugurated the “Workshop on Electron and Photon Transport Theory Applied to Radiation Dose Calculation”, Seattle 1995, Indianapolis, ‘99
  • Organized and/or lectured at 16 courses, “Radiation Transport Calculations using EGS4” Ottawa(‘86,’87,’90), London(‘89,’93,’98) Edmonton(‘90,’92), Seattle(’92,’95), Brisbane(‘92), Linkoping(‘94), Capri(‘94), Montpellier, France(‘96), Tokyo(‘97), Adelaide(‘97)
  • Scientific advisor or coordinator for IOMP Congresses (Rio ‘94, Nice ‘97)
  • Member of the Board of Directors of the Lanzl Institute, Seattle (‘94—present)
  • Member of the Board of Editors of the journal Physics in Medicine and Biology (‘96—‘03)
  • President, American Nuclear Society, Michigan Section (‘00—‘01)

Awards

  • Fellow, Institute of Physics, UK, 1999
  • Achievement Award for improvement of international radiation standards for cancer therapy, National Research Council of Canada, 1994
  • Sylvia Fedoruk Prize in Medical Physics, 1991
  • Sylvia Fedoruk Prize in Medical Physics, 1989
  • Farrington Daniels Award, 1985

Publications

appearing during 2009 to 2014

  • Number of refereed archival publications: 1
  • Number of refereed conference proceedings: 0
  • Number of books: 2 (on line)
  • Number of chapters in books: 1
  • Number of other publications: 0

Publications of Alex F Bielajew as of October 14, 2015

Full articles in refereed publications

References

  1. [1]  F. Tessier, J. Taank, M. R. McEwen, and A. F. Bielajew. The angular response of the Nuclear Enterprises 2575 large-volume ionization chamber. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., ??:?? — ??, 2015 (in progress).
  2. [2]  T. Nakatsuka, K. Okei, and A. F. Bielajew. Simultaneous distribution between the deflection angle and the lateral displacement under the Moli`ere theory of multiple scattering. Nucl. Inst. and Meth., B??:B?? — ??, 2015 (submitted).
  3. [3]  A. Tsechanski, A. F. Bielajew, J. P. Archambault, and E. Mainegra-Hing. Electron accelerator-based production of Mo-99: bremsstrahlung and photoneutron generation from molybdenum vs. tungsten. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, B??:?? — ??, 2015 (submitted).
  4. [4]  H. Bouchard, J. de Pooter, A. F. Bielajew, and S. Duane. Reference dosimetry in the presence of magnetic fields: Conditions to validate Monte Carlo simulations. Phys. Med. Biol., 60:6639 — 6654, 2015.
  5. [5]  H. Bouchard and A. F. Bielajew. Lorentz force correction to the Boltzmann radiation transport equation and its implications for Monte Carlo algorithms. Phys. Med. Biol., 60:4963 — 4971, 2015.
  6. [6]  A. F. Bielajew. Minimizing the 1/r2 perturbation for ideal fluence detectors in small source γ-irradiation fields. Phys. Med. Biol., 59:4465 — 4475, 2014.
  7. [7]  A. F. Bielajew, F. Tessier, and I. El Gamal. The inverse-square gamma-irradiation anomaly of the Nuclear Enterprises 2575 large-volume ionisation chamber. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu306:1 — 7, 2014 (online, not yet in print).
  8. [8]  N. Tyagi, J. M. Moran, D. W. Litzenberg, A. F. Bielajew, B. A. Fraass, and I. J. Chetty. Experimental verification of a Monte Carlo-based MLC simulation model for IMRT dose calculation. Med. Phys., 34:651 – 663, 2007.
  9. [9]  L.-C. Peng, C.-C. J. Yang, S. Sim, M. Weiss, and A. F. Bielajew. Dose comparison of megavoltage cone- beam and orthogonal-pair portal images. Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 8(1):1 – 11, 2007.
  10. [10]  N. Tyagi, W. R. Martin, J. Du, A. F. Bielajew, and I. J. Chetty. A proposed alternative to phase-space recycling using the adaptive kernel density estimator method. Med. Phys., 33:553 – 560, 2006.
  11. [11]  Y. Chen, A. Bielajew, D. Litzenberg, J. Moran, and F. Becchetti. Magnetic confinement of electron and photon radiotherapy dose: A Monte Carlo simulation with a nonuniform longitudinal magnetic field. Med. Phys., 32:3810 – 3818, 2005.
  12. [12]  I. J. Chetty, P. M. Charland, N. Tyagi, D. L. McShan, B. A. Fraass, and A. F. Bielajew. Photon beam relative dose validation of the DPM Monte Carlo code in lung-equivalent media. Medical Physics, 30(4):563 – 573, 2003.
  13. [13]  I. J. Chetty, J. M. Moran, D. L. McShan, B. A. Fraass, S. J. Wilderman, and A. F. Bielajew. Benchmarking of the DPM Monte Carlo code using elemental beams from a racetrack microtron. Medical Physics, 29:1035 – 1041, 2002.
  1. [14]  I. J. Chetty, J. M. Moran, T. S. Nurushev, D. L. McShan, B. A. Fraass, S. J. Wilderman, and A. F. Bielajew. Experimental validation of the DPM Monte Carlo code using minimally scattered electron beams in heterogeneous media. Phys. Med. Biol., 47:1837 – 1851, 2002.
  2. [15]  K. R. Shortt, A. F. Bielajew, C. K. Ross, K. J. Stewart, J. T. Burke, and M. J. Corsten. The effect of wall thickness on the response of a spherical ionization chamber . Phys. Med. Biol., 47:1721 – 1731, 2002.
  3. [16]  C. L. Hartmann-Siantar, R. S. Walling, T. P. Daly, B. Faddegon, N. Albright, P. Bergstrom, A. F. Bielajew, W. P. Chandler, C. Chuang, D. Garrett, R. K. House, D. Jong, D. Knapp, D. J. Weiczorek, and L. J. Verhey. DescriptionandDosimetricVerificationofthePEREGRINEMonteCarloDoseCalculationSystem for Photon Beams Incident on a Water Phantom. Medical Physics, pages 1332 – 1337, 2001.
  4. [17]  D. W. Litzenberg, B. A. Fraass, D. L. McShan, T. W. O’Donnell, D. A. Roberts, F. D. Becchetti, A. F. Bielajew, and J. M. Moran. An Apparatus for Applying Strong Longitudinal Magnetic Fields to Clinical Photon and Electron Beams. Phys. Med. Biol., 46:N105 – N115, 2001.
  5. [18]  A. F. Bielajew and F. Salvat. Improved electron transport mechanics in the PENELOPE Monte-Carlo model. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, B173:332–343, 2001.
  6. [19]  J. Sempau and A. F. Bielajew. Towards the elimination of Monte Carlo statistical fluctuation from dose volume histograms for radiotherapy treatment planning. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 45:131–157, 2000.
  7. [20]  C. DesRosiers, V. Moskvin, A. F. Bielajew, and L. Papiez. 150 MeV-250 MeV Electron Beams in Radiation Therapy. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 45:1781–1805, 2000.
  8. [21]  J. Sempau, S. J. Wilderman, and A. F. Bielajew. DPM, a fast, accurate Monte Carlo code optimized for photon and electron radiotherapy treatment planning dose calculations. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 45:2263–2291, 2000.
  9. [22]  I. Kawrakow and A. F. Bielajew. On the condensed history technique for electron transport. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, B142:253 – 280, 1998.
  10. [23]  I. Kawrakow and A. F. Bielajew. On the representation of electron multiple elastic-scattering distributions for Monte Carlo calculations. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, B134:325 – 336, 1998.
  11. [24]  A. Tsechanski, A. F. Bielajew, S. Faermann, and Y. Krutman. A thin-target approach for portal imaging in medical accelerators. Phys. Med. Biol., 43:2221 – 2236, 1998.
  12. [25]  H. T ̈olli, A. F. Bielajew, O. Mattsson, G. Sernbo, and K. A. Johansson. Fluence non-uniformity effects in air kerma determination around brachytherapy sources. Phys. Med. Biol., 42:1301 – 1318, 1997.
  13. [26]  A. F. Bielajew. A hybrid multiple-scattering theory for electron-transport Monte Carlo calculations. Nucl. Inst. and Meth., B111:195 – 208, 1996.
  14. [27]  B. B. Sorcini, P. Andreo, A. F. Bielajew, S. Hyo ̈dynmaa, and A. Brahme. An improved energy-range relationship for high energy electron beams based on multiple accurate experimental and Monte Carlo data sets. Phys. Med. Biol., 40:1135 – 1159, 1995.
  15. [28]  A. F. Bielajew. Plural and multiple small-angle scattering from a screened Rutherford cross section. Nucl. Inst. and Meth., B86:257 – 269, 1994.
  16. [29]  C. M. Wells, T. R. Mackie, M. B. Podgorsak, M. A. Holmes, N. Papanikoloau, P. J. Reckwerdt, J. Cygler, D. W. O. Rogers, A. F. Bielajew, D. G. Schmidt, and J. K. Muehlenkamp. Measurements of electron dose distribution near inhomogeneities using a plastic scintillator detector. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 29:1157 – 1165, 1994.
  17. [30]  A. F. Bielajew. The effect of strong longitudinal magnetic fields on dose deposition from electron and photon beams. Med. Phys., 20:1171 – 1179, 1993.
  18. [31]  A. F. Bielajew, R. Wang, and S. Duane. Incorporation of single scattering in the EGS4 Monte Carlo code system: Tests of Moliere theory. Nucl. Instr. Meth., B82:503 – 512, 1993.
  1. [32]  P. Andreo, J. Medin, and A. F. Bielajew. Constraints on the multiple scattering theory of Moli`ere in Monte Carlo simulations of the transport of charged particles. Med. Phys., 20:1315 – 1325, 1993.
  2. [33]  M. A. Holmes, T. R. Mackie, W. Sohn, P. J. Reckwerdt, T. J. Kinsella, A. F. Bielajew, and D. W. O.

Rogers. The application of correlated sampling to the computation of electron beam dose distributions in heterogeneous phantoms using the Monte Carlo method. Phys. Med. Biol., 38:675 – 688, 1993.

  1. [34]  C. M. Ma, D. W. O. Rogers, K. R. Shortt, C. K. Ross, A. E. Nahum, and A. F. Bielajew. Wall correction and absorbed dose conversion factors for Fricke dosimetry: Monte Carlo calculations and measurements. Med. Phys., 20:283 – 292, 1993.
  2. [35]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. A standard timing benchmark for EGS4 Monte Carlo calculations. Medical Physics, 19:303 – 304, 1992.
  3. [36]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. Implications of new correction factors on primary air kerma standards in 60Co beams. Phys. Med. Biol., 37:1283 – 1291, 1992.
  4. [37]  S. Walker, A. F. Bielajew, M. Hale, and D. Jette. Installation of EGS4 Monte Carlo code on an 80386-based microcomputer. Med. Phys., 19:305 – 306, 1992.
  5. [38]  C. Malamut, D. W. O. Rogers, and A. F. Bielajew. Calculation of water/air stopping-power ratios using EGS4 with explicit treatment of electron – positron differences. Med. Phys., 18:1222 – 1228, 1991.
  6. [39]  A. F. Bielajew. An analytic theory of the point-source non-uniformity correction factor for thick-walled ionisation chambers in photon beams. Phys. Med. Biol., 35:517 – 538, 1990.
  7. [40]  A. F. Bielajew. Correction factors for thick-walled ionisation chambers in point-source photon beams. Phys. Med. Biol., 35:501 – 516, 1990.
  8. [41]  A. F. Bielajew. On the technique of extrapolation to obtain wall correction factors for ion chambers irradiated by photon beams. Med. Phys., 17:583 – 587, 1990.
  9. [42]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. Wall attenuation and scatter corrections for ion chambers: measure- ments versus calculations. Phys. Med. Biol., 35:1065 – 1078, 1990.
  10. [43]  D. Jette and A. F. Bielajew. Electron dose calculation using multiple scattering theory: Second order multiple scattering theory. Med. Phys., 16:698 – 711, 1989.
  11. [44]  T. R. Mackie, A. F. Bielajew, D. W. O. Rogers, and J. J. Battista. Generation of energy deposition kernels using the EGS Monte Carlo code. Phys. Med. Biol., 33:1 – 20, 1988.
  12. [45]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. PRESTA: The Parameter Reduced Electron-Step Transport Algorithm for electron Monte Carlo transport. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, B18:165 – 181, 1987.
  13. [46]  A. F. Bielajew. Ionization cavity theory: a formal derivation of perturbation factors for thick-walled ion chambers in photon beams. Phys. Med. Biol., 31:161 – 170, 1986.
  14. [47]  J. C. Cunningham, M. Woo, D. W. O. Rogers, and A. F. Bielajew. The Dependence of Mass Energy Absorption Coefficient Ratios on Beam Size and Depth in a Phantom. Medical Physics, 13:496 – 502, 1986.
  15. [48]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. Differences in Electron Depth Dose Curves Calculated with EGS and ETRAN and Improved Energy Range Relationships. Med. Phys., 13:687 – 694, 1986.
  16. [49]  D. W. O. Rogers, C. K. Ross, K. R. Shortt, and A. F. Bielajew. Comments on the 60Co Graphite/Air Stopping-Power Ratio used in the AAPM Protocol. Medical Physics, 13:964 – 965, 1986.
  17. [50]  K. R. Shortt, C. K. Ross, A. F. Bielajew, and D. W. O. Rogers. Electron Beam Dose Distributions Near Standard Inhomogeneities. Phys. Med. Biol., 31:235 – 249, 1986.
  18. [51]  A. F. Bielajew. The Effect of Free Electrons on Ionization Chamber Saturation Curves. Medical Physics, 12:197 – 200, 1985.
  1. [52]  A. F. Bielajew, D. W. O. Rogers, and A. E. Nahum. Monte Carlo simulation of ion chamber response to 60Co – Resolution of anomalies associated with interfaces,. Phys. Med. Biol., 30:419 – 428, 1985.
  2. [53]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. Calculated buildup curves for photons with energies up to 60Co . Med. Phys., 12:738 – 744, 1985.
  3. [54]  D. W. O. Rogers, A. F. Bielajew, and A. E. Nahum. Ion chamber response and Awallcorrection factors in a 60Co beam by Monte Carlo simulation. Phys. Med. Biol., 30:429 – 443, 1985.
  4. [55]  A. F. Bielajew and B. D. Serot. Renormalized Hartree-Fock equations in a nuclear relativistic quantum field theory. Ann. Phys., 156:215 – 264, 1984.
  5. [56]  J. A. Rawlinson, A. F. Bielajew, P. Munro, and D. M. Galbraith. Theoretical and experimental investigation of dose enhancement due to charge storage in electron-irradiated phantoms. Med. Phys., 11:814 – 821, 1984.
  6. [57]  A. F. Bielajew. Renormalization of the self-consistent summation of exchange diagrams in a relativistic quantum field theory. Nucl. Phys., A404:428 – 442, 1983.
  7. [58]  W. R. Dixon, R. S. Storey, and A. F. Bielajew. Q-value of the Ca(α,γ)Ti reaction. Nucl. Phys., A378:273 – 279, 1982.
  8. [59]  A. F. Bielajew. A relativistic quantum field theory for rotating nuclear matter. Nuclear Physic., A367:358 – 368, 1981.Shorter communications, letters, notes or briefs in refereed publications

References

[1] A. F. Bielajew. The controversy between the IAEA Code of Practice and the TG-51 protocol. Phys. Med. Biol., 45:U5 – U6, 2000.

[2] A. F. Bielajew and M. B. Chadwick. Exciting new developments in fast neutron cross sections and dosimetry. Phys. Med. Biol., 43:U5 – U6, 1998.

[3] A. F. Bielajew. Comments on “Calculation of absorbed dose ratios using correlated Monte Carlo sampling”. Med. Phys., 21:35, 1994.

[4] A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. Interface Artefacts in Monte Carlo Calculations. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 31:301 – 302, 1986.

Refereed conference or symposium proceedings

References

  1. [1]  I. J. Chetty, N. Tyagi, M. Rosu, P. M. Charland, D. L. McShan, R. K. Ten Haken, A. F. Bielajew, and B. A. Fraass. Clinical implementation, validation, and use of the DPM Monte Carlo code for radiotherapy treatment planning. In “Proceedings of the American Nuclear Society Topical meeting in Mathematics and Computations” (American Nuclear Society Press, La Grange Park, Illinois, U.S.A.), 119:1 – 17, 2003.
  2. [2]  F. D. Becchetti, D. W. Litzenberg, J. M. Moran, T. W. O’Donnell, D. A. Roberts, B. A. Fraass, D. L. McShan, and A. F. Bielajew. Magnetic confinement of radiotherapy beam-dose profiles . In “Proceedings of the Cyclotron 2001 Conference”, pages 44 — 46, 2001.
  1. [3]  A. F. Bielajew. Some Random Thoughts on Monte Carlo Electron and Photon Transport. In “Proceedings of Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics Particle Transport Simulation and Applica- tions” (Springer, Berlin), pages 1 – 6, 2000.
  2. [4]  A. F. Bielajew and S. J. Wilderman. Innovative Electron Transport Methods in EGS5. In “Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on EGS4” (Technical Information and Library, Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Japan) KEK Proceedings 2000-20, pages 1 – 10, 2000.
  3. [5]  A. M. Yacout, W. L. Dunn, W. R. Nelson, P. Lui, A. F. Bielajew, H. Hirayama, and Y. Namito. Status of the Object-Oriented EGS Interface Project. In “Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on EGS4” (Technical Information and Library, Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Japan) KEK Proceedings 2000-20, pages 23 – 30, 2000.
  4. [6]  A. F. Bielajew, W. P. Ballard, D. E. Cullen, A. Fasso, D. Filges, H. Hirayama, H. G. Hughes III, I. Kawrakow, R.P.Kensek,B.L.Kirk,F.Salvat,S.M.Seltzer,andP.Vaz. BEEP:TheBenchmarkExerciseforElectrons and Photons. Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities, SATIF 4, pages 131 – 141, 1999.
  5. [7]  A. F. Bielajew. Monte Carlo dose calculation: Why gamble with anything else? In “Proceedings of the First International Workshop on EGS4” (Technical Information and Library, Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Japan), pages 310 – 323, 1997.
  6. [8]  A. F. Bielajew and I. Kawrakow. PRESTA-I =⇒ PRESTA-II: The new physics. In “Proceedings of the First International Workshop on EGS4” (Technical Information and Library, Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Japan), pages 51 – 65, 1997.
  7. [9]  A. F. Bielajew and I. Kawrakow. The EGS4/PRESTA-II electron transport algorithm: Tests of electron step-size stability. In “Proceedings of the XII’th Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiotherapy” (Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, Wisconsin), pages 153 — 154, 1997.
  8. [10]  A. F. Bielajew and I. Kawrakow. From “black art” to “black box”: Towards a step-size independent electron transport condensed history algorithm using the physics of EGS4/PRESTA-II. In “Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Mathematical Methods and Supercomputing for Nuclear Applications” (American Nuclear Society Press, La Grange Park, Illinois, U.S.A.), pages 1289 — 1298, 1997.
  9. [11]  I. Kawrakow and A. F. Bielajew. New multiple scattering theory and transport algorithm: Tests of electron step size stability . In “Proceedings of the XII’th Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiotherapy” (Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, Wisconsin), pages 155 — 156, 1997.
  10. [12]  A. F. Bielajew. EGS4 timing benchmark results: Why Monte Carlo is a viable option for radiotherapy treatment planning. In “Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematics and Computations, Reactor Physics, and Environmental Analyses” (American Nuclear Society Press, La Grange Park, Illinois, U.S.A.), pages 831 – 837, 1995.
  11. [13]  A. F. Bielajew and D. E. Cullen. Incorporating the Lawrence Livermore photon interaction data base into the electron-photon Monte Carlo transport code EGS4. In “Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematics and Computations, Reactor Physics, and Environmental Analyses” (American Nuclear Society Press, La Grange Park, Illinois, U.S.A.), pages 154 – 161, 1995.
  12. [14]  A. F. Bielajew. Incorporating the Lawrence Livermore photon interaction data base into the electron- photon Monte Carlo transport code EGS4. In “Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists Conference Proceedings ” (Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists Secretariat, Edmonton, Canada), pages 31 – 32, 1995.
  13. [15]  M. J. Corsten and A. F. Bielajew. Determination of point-source non-uniformity correction factors for cylindrical ion chambers in the vicinity of brachytherapy sources. In “Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists Conference Proceedings ” (Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists Secretariat, Edmonton, Canada), pages 119 – 120, 1995.

[16] A. F. Bielajew. Monte Carlo Modeling in External Electron-Beam Radiotherapy — Why Leave it to Chance? In “Proceedings of the XI’th Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiotherapy” (Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, Wisconsin), pages 2 – 5, 1994.

  1. [17]  A. F. Bielajew. Improvements of elastic-scattering models employed by the Monte Carlo method for high- accuracy dosimetry applications. In “Proceedings of the XI’th Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiotherapy” (Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, Wisconsin), pages 148 – 149, 1994.
  2. [18]  T. R. Mackie, P. J. Reckwerdt, C. M. Wells, J. N. Yang, J. O. Deasy, M. Podgorsak, M. A. Holmes, D. W. O. Rogers, G. X. Ding, B. A. Faddegon, C. Ma, A. F. Bielajew, and J. Cygler. The OMEGA Project: Comparison among EGS4 electron beam simulations, 3-D Fermi-Eyges calculations, and dose measurements. In “Proc. of the XI’th Conf. on the Use of Comp. in Radiotherapy” (Med. Phys. Pub, Madison, Wisconsin), pages 152 – 153, 1994.
  3. [19]  D. W. O. Rogers, C. K. Ross, K. R. Shortt, N. V. Klassen, and A. F. Bielajew. Towards a Dosimetry System Based on Absorbed-Dose Standards. IAEA–SM–330/9 in Proc. of Symp. on Meas. Assurance in Dosimetry, (IAEA, Vienna), pages 565 – 580, 1994.
  4. [20]  D. W. O. Rogers, G. M Ewart, A. F. Bielajew, and G. van Dyk. Calculation of Electron Contamination in a 60Co Therapy Beam. In “Proceedings of the IAEA International Symposium on Dosimetry in Radiotherapy” (IAEA, Vienna), Vol 1, pages 303 – 312, 1988.
  5. [21]  A. F. Bielajew, D. W. O. Rogers, J. Cygler, and J. J. Battista. A Comparison of Electron Pencil Beam and Monte Carlo Calculational Methods. In “Proc. of the Ninth (1987) Int. Conf. on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy” ed. by I.A.D. Bruinvis et al. (North-Holland, Amsterdam), pages 65 – 68, 1987.
  6. [22]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. Energy-loss Straggling in Electron Monte Carlo Transport. Transac- tions of the American Nuclear Society, 52:380 – 382, 1986.
  7. [23]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. The Application of Monte Carlo Simulation to Dosimetry. Proc. of VII Int. Conf. on Med. Phys, in Med. and Biol. Engin. and Comp., 23:602 – 603, 1985.
  8. [24]  C. K. Ross, K. R. Shortt, A. F. Bielajew, and D. W. O. Rogers. Comparisons of Dosimetric Measurements and Calculations for Inhomogeneities Irradiated by Electron Beams. Proc. of VII Int. Conf. on Med. Phys, in Med. and Biol. Engin. and Comp., 23:604 – 605, 1985.
  9. [25]  D. W. O Rogers, A. E. Bielajew, and A. E. Nahum. Monte Carlo Calculations of Electron Beams in Standard Dose Planning Geometries. Proc. of Eighth Int’l Conf. on the Use of Computers in Radiotherapy, (IEEE Press), pages 140 – 144, 1984.Refereed conference summaries or abstracts

References

  1. [1]  N. Tyagi, W. R. Martin, J. Du A. Bielajew, and I. J. Chetty. A proposed alternative to phase-space recycling using adaptive kernel density estimator. Med. Phys. (abstract), 32:2164, 2005.
  2. [2]  A. F. Bielajew. Speeding up Monte Carlo for treatment planning. Radiotherapy and Oncology (abstract), 68:S19, 2003.
  3. [3]  N. Tyagi, I. J. Chetty, D. Litzenberg, J. Moran, A. Bielajew, and B. A. Fraass. Monte Carlo phase space calculations end experimental verification of step-and-shoot IMRT delivery. Med. Phys. (abstract), 30:1421, 2003.
  4. [4]  Y. Chen, F. Becchetti, A. Bielajew, D. Litzenberg, and J. Moran. Magnetic confinement of electron and photon beam radiotherapy dose profiles – A Monte Carlo study with a realistic non-uniform longitudinal magnetic field. Med. Phys. (abstract), 30:1514, 2003.
  1. [5]  I. J. Chetty, N. Tyagi, A. Bose, D. L. McShan, B. A. Fraass, and A. F. Bielajew. Implementation of the Dose Planning Method (DPM) Monte Carlo code on a parallel processing network. Med. Phys. (abstract), 29:1939, 2002.
  2. [6]  N. Tyagi, I. J. Chetty, B. A. Fraass, and A. F. Bielajew. Calculations of a Millennium multileaf collimator using the DPM and BEAM/DOSXYZ Monte Carlo codes. Med. Phys. (abstract), 29:1230, 2002.
  3. [7]  I. Chetty, P. Charland, N. Tyagi, D. McShan, B. A. Fraass, and A. F. Bielajew. Experimental validation of the DPM Monte Carlo code for photon beam dose calculations in inhomogeneous media. Med. Phys. (abstract), 29:1351, 2002.
  4. [8]  R. Walling, T. Daly, C. Hartmann-Siantar, B. Faddegon A. Bielajew, C. Chuang, and L. Verhey. Dosimetric accuracy of the PEREGRINE dose Monte Carlo dose calculation system for photon beams. Medical Physics (abstract), 28:1251, 2001.
  5. [9]  D. W. Litzenberg, B. A. Fraass, D. L. McShan, I. Chetty, T. W. O’Donnell, D. A. Roberts, F. D. Becchetti, A. F. Bielajew, and J. M. Moran. Dose Characteristics of Clinical Electron and Photon Radiotherapy Beams Modified by Longitudinal Magnetic Fields. Med. Phys. (abstract), 28:1277, 2001.
  6. [10]  I. Chetty, L. Liu, J. M. Moran, T. S. Nurushev, S. K. Yokoyama, D. L. McShan, B. A. Fraass, S. J. Wilderman, and A. F. Bielajew. Benchmarking of the DPM Monte Carlo Code for Radiotherapy Electron Beam Dose Calculations. Medical Physics (abstract), 28:1249, 2001.
  7. [11]  I. Chetty, L. Liu, J. M. Moran, T. S. Nurushev, S. K. Yokoyama, D. L. McShan, B. A. Fraass, S. J. Wilderman, A. F. Bielajew, J. J. DeMarco, and T. D. Solberg. Analysis of the DPM Monte Carlo Code for Radiotherapy Dose Calculations. ESTRO Proceedings (abstract), page S29, 2001.
  8. [12]  C. Mubata, A. Nahum, I. Rosenberg, and A. Bielajew. Parameter study for optimizing Monte-Carlo simulation in external-beam treatment planning. Medical Physics (abstract), 25:A185, 1998.
  9. [13]  P. Bergstrom, A. Bielajew, W. Chandler, L. Cox, T. Daly, D. Garrett, B. Guidry, C. Hartmann-Siantar, S.Hornstein,R.House,D.Jong,E.Moses,R.Patterson,J.Rathkopf,andA.SchachvonWittenau. Monte Carlo transport physics and variance reduction methods in the PEREGRINE dose calculation system. Medical Physics (abstract), 25:A186, 1998.
  10. [14]  A. F. Bielajew and I. Kawrakow. High accuracy Monte Carlo calculations. In “Proceedings of World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering”, Medical & Biology Engineering & Computing, 35:1096, 1997.
  11. [15]  I. Kawrakow and A. F. Bielajew. Recent improvements and accuracy tests of the Voxel Monte Carlo algorithm. Medical Physics (abstract), 24:1049 – 1050, 1997.
  12. [16]  A. Tsechanski, A. F. Bielajew, S. Faermann, and Y. Krutman. A target port for high quality portal imaging in linear accelerators. In “Proceedings of World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering”, Medical & Biology Engineering & Computing, 35:1064, 1997.
  13. [17]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. Effects of a Møller cross section error in the EGS4 code. Med. Phys. (abstract), 23:1153, 1996.
  14. [18]  K. R. Shortt, A. F. Bielajew, C. K. Ross, M. J. Corsten, J. T. Burke, P. R. S. Howard, and D. C. Marchington. Determination of Awall corrections using a non-linear extrapolation to zero-wall thickness. Med. Phys. (abstract), 23:1139, 1996.
  15. [19]  H. T ̈olli and A. F. Bielajew. Determination of non-uniformity correction factors for cylindrical ionization chambers close to 192Ir brachytherapy sources. Radiotherapy and Oncology Supplement 1 (abstract), 27:S10, 1995.
  16. [20]  A. F. Bielajew. Advances in Monte Carlo electron transport. Radiotherapy and Oncology Supplement 1 (abstract), 27:S28, 1995.
  17. [21]  A. F. Bielajew. Incorporating the Livermore Photon Interaction Data Base into the electron-photon Monte Carlo transport code EGS4. Med. Phys. (abstract), 22:662, 1995.
  1. [22]  M. J. Corsten and A. F. Bielajew. Determination of point-source non-uniformity correction factors for cylindrical ion chambers in the vicinity of brachytherapy sources. Med. Phys. (abstract), 22:672 – 673, 1995.
  2. [23]  A. F. Bielajew. Exact plural and multiple elastic electron Rutherford scattering: Assessment of Moli`ere and Keil-Zeitler-Zinn theories. Phys. Med. Biol. (abstract), 39a:680, 1994.
  3. [24]  W. R. Nelson, A. F. Bielajew, D. W. O. Rogers, and H. Hirayama. EGS4 in ’94: A decade of enhancements. Phys. Med. Biol. (abstract), 39a:669, 1994.
  4. [25]  H. T ̈olli and A. F. Bielajew. Determination of point-source non-uniformity correction factors for cylindrical ion chambers in the vicinity of brachytherapy sources. Phys. Med. Biol. (abstract), 39a:167, 1994.
  5. [26]  G. X. Ding, D. W. O. Rogers, C. K. Ross, J. S. Wei, A. F. Bielajew, B. A. Faddegon, T. R. Mackie, P. Jursinic, and J. Deasy. Measured vs Monte Carlo calculated electron beam dose distributions. Med. Phys. (abs), 20:933, 1993.
  6. [27]  G. X. Ding, D. W. O. Rogers, A. F. Bielajew, and T. R. Mackie. Calculation of stopping-power ratios using realistic clinical electron beams. Med. Phys. (abs), 20:1293, 1993.
  7. [28]  C. M. Ma, D. W. O. Rogers, B. A. Faddegon, G. X. Ding, J. S. Wei, A. F. Bielajew, and T. R. Mackie. Simplified models of electron beams from a Clinac 2100C accelerator. Med. Phys., 20:1295 (abstract), 1993.
  8. [29]  A. F. Bielajew, R. Wang, and S. Duane. Accurate e− transport calculations using single elastic scattering Monte Carlo. Med. Phys. (abstract), 19:792, 1992.
  9. [30]  M. A. Holmes, T. R. Mackie, W. Sohn, A. F. Bielajew, and D. W. O. Rogers. The OMEGA Project: The calculation of correction factors using correlated sampling and EGS4 Monte Carlo. Med. Phys. (abstract), 19:809, 1992.
  10. [31]  A. F. Bielajew. The effect of strong longitudinal B⃗-fields on dose from e− and γ beams. Med. Phys. (abstract), 19:816 – 817, 1992.
  11. [32]  D. W. O. Rogers, K. R. Shortt, C. K. Ross, A. F. Bielajew, C. M. Ma, and A. E. Nahum. Corrections for vial walls and dose conversion in Fricke dosimetry. Med. Phys. (abstract), 19:817, 1992.
  12. [33]  B. A. Faddegon, D. W. O. Rogers, J. Sun, A. F. Bielajew, C. A. Sanders, S. S. Kubsad, and T. R. Mackie. An EGS4 user-code Monte Carlo simulation of clinical accelerators. Med. Phys. (abstract), 19:1138, 1992.
  13. [34]  A. F. Bielajew and W. R. Nelson. Standard EGS4 on UNIX systems—evaluation of various UNIX archi- tectures. Med. Phys. (abstract), 18:607, 1991.
  14. [35]  M. A. Holmes, T. R. Mackie, C. A. Sanders, S. S. Kubsad, D. W. O. Rogers, and A. F. Bielajew. The OMEGA Project: Calculation of inverse cumulative probability distribution functions for electron transport for fast Monte Carlo simulations. Med. Phys. (abstract), 18:608, 1991.
  15. [36]  M. A. Holmes, T. R. Mackie, W. Sohn, C. A. Sanders, S. S. Kubsad, A. F. Bielajew, and D. W. O. Rogers. The OMEGA Project: Variance reduction techniques for Monte Carlo simulations as applied to electron beam dosimetry. Med. Phys. (abstract), 18:642, 1991.
  16. [37]  P. E. Wiebe and A. F. Bielajew. EGS Windows—An EGS4 graphical interface. Med. Phys. (abstract), 18:658, 1991.
  17. [38]  A. F. Bielajew, R. Mohan, and C. S. Chui. Improved bremsstrahlung photon angular sampling in the EGS4 code system. Med. Phys. (abstract), 17:522, 1990.
  18. [39]  C. Malamut, D. W. O. Rogers, and A. F. Bielajew. Explicit treatment of positrons in the calculation of stopping-power ratios. Med. Phys. (abstract), 17:536, 1990.
  19. [40]  A. F. Bielajew. Direct Monte Carlo tests of the point-source non-uniformity correction factor. Med. Phys. (abstract), 17:546, 1990.
  20. [41]  Y. Namito, W. R. Nelson, S. M. Seltzer, A. F. Bielajew, and D. W. O. Rogers. Low-energy x-ray production studies using the EGS4 code system . Med. Phys. (abstract), 17:557, 1990.
  1. [42]  T. R. Mackie, S. S. Kubsad, D. W. O. Rogers, and A. F. Bielajew. The OMEGA project: Electron dose planning using Monte Carlo simulation. Med. Phys. (abs), 17:730, 1990.
  2. [43]  A. F. Bielajew. The EGS4 Monte Carlo code system on a SUN/UNIX platform. Med. Phys. (abstract), 17:737, 1990.
  3. [44]  A. F. Bielajew. Improving air-kerma (exposure) standards by Monte Carlo methods . Phys. Med. Biol. (abstract), 35:285, 1990.
  4. [45]  D. W. O. Rogers, A. F. Bielajew, T. R. Mackie, and S. S. Kubsad. The OMEGA Project: treatment planning for electron-beam radiotherapy using Monte Carlo techniques . Phys. Med. Biol. (abstract), 35:285 – 286, 1990.
  5. [46]  A. F. Bielajew. Resolution of the discrepancy between Monte Carlo calculated Awall’s and extrapolation experiments. Med. Phys. (abstract), 16:500, 1989.
  6. [47]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. Monte Carlo simulation of electron-photon transport and applications to radiation dosimetry. Phys. Med. Biol. (Supplement I) (abstract), 33:5, 1988.
  7. [48]  R. Mohan, G. Miklos, C. S. Chui, and A. F. Bielajew. Angular distributions of thick-target bremsstrahlung photons. Phys. Med. Biol. (Supplement I) (abstract), 33:22, 1988.
  8. [49]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. The point of measurement for thick-walled ion chambers in γ-beams. Phys. Med. Biol. (Supplement I) (abstract), 33:142, 1988.
  9. [50]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. Improved relationships between electron beam energies and ranges. Med. Phys. (abstract), 13:582, 1986.
  10. [51]  A. F. Bielajew and D. Jette. Monte Carlo evaluation of second-order multiple scattering theory. Med. Phys. (abstract), 13:588, 1986.
  11. [52]  T. R. Mackie, A. F. Bielajew, D. W. O. Rogers, and J. J. Battista. Fundamental dosimetry information obtained from dose spread arrays. Med. Phys. (abstract), 13:592, 1986.
  12. [53]  D. W. O. Rogers, A. F. Bielajew, W. R. Nelson, and H. Hirayama. Coherent scatter and stopping power effects in EGS4. Med. Phys. (abstract), 13:593, 1986.
  13. [54]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. A comparison of experiment with Monte Carlo calculations of TLD response. Med. Phys. (abstract), 13:609, 1986.
  14. [55]  K. R. Shortt, C. K. Ross, A. F. Bielajew, and D. W. O. Rogers. Dosimetric measurements behind in- homogeneities exposed to electron beams and comparisons to EGS Monte Carlo calculations. Med. Phys. (abstract), 12:508, 1985.
  15. [56]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. A new electron transport algorithm for EGS Monte Carlo calculations in medical physics. Med. Phys. (abstract), 12:515, 1985.
  16. [57]  T. R. Mackie, A. F. Bielajew, D. W. O. Rogers, and J. J. Battista. Generation of photon dose spread arrays using the EGS4 Monte Carlo code. Med. Phys. (abstract), 12:515, 1985.
  17. [58]  D. W. O. Rogers, A. F. Bielajew, G. Van Dyk, and G. M. Ewart. Calculation of the contamination of the beam from a 60Co therapy unit. Med. Phys. (abstract), 12:515, 1985.
  18. [59]  J. A. Rawlinson, A. F. Bielajew, D. M. Galbraith, and P. Munro. Theoretical investigation of dose effects due to charge storage in insulating phantoms. Med. Phys. (abstract), 11:383, 1984.
  19. [60]  A. F. Bielajew, D. W. O. Rogers, and A. E. Nahum. Electrode, phantom and guard ring effects on the response of ion chambers in 60Co beams. Med. Phys. (abstract), 11:398, 1984.
  20. [61]  D. W. O. Rogers, A. F. Bielajew, and G. M. Ewart. 60Co beam contamination from the source capsule. Med. Phys. (abstract), 11:401, 1984.

[62] D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. The use of EGS for Monte Carlo calculations in medical physics. Med. Phys. (abstract), 11:417 – 418, 1984.

  1. [63]  A. F. Bielajew. The effect of free electrons on ionization chamber saturation curves. Med. Phys. (abstract), 11:746, 1984.
  2. [64]  C. K. Ross, K. R. Shortt, A. F. Bielajew, and D. W. O. Rogers. Electron beam dose distributions in standard 3D dose planning geometries. Med. Phys. (abstract), 11:748, 1984.
  3. [65]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. Calculation of ion chamber response to 60Co. Med. Phys. (abstract), 10:738, 1983.Books

References

  1. [1]  A. F. Bielajew. A primer on C++ and Matlab. University of Michigan, address = Wiley and Sons, ISBN 0-471-21525-2 http://www-personal.engin.umich.edu/~bielajew/ENG101/book.html, 2001.
  2. [2]  A. F. Bielajew. Fundamentals of the Monte Carlo method for neutral and charged particle transport. University of Michigan, http://www-personal.engin.umich.edu/~bielajew/MCBook/book.pdf, 2000.Chapters in Books

References

  1. [1]  A. F. Bielajew. History of Monte Carlo. In J. Seco and F. Verhagen, editors, Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy, pages 3 – 16. CRC Press – Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, 2013.
  2. [2]  A. F. Bielajew. The Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation Transport. In A. Nahum P. Mayles and J.C. Rosenwald, editors, Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics. Taylor and Francis, London, 2007.
  3. [3]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. Monte Carlo techniques of electron and photon transport for radiation dosimetry. In K.R. Kase, B.E. Bj ̈arngard, and F.H. Attix, editors, The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation,Vol III, pages 427 – 539. Academic Press, 1990.
  4. [4]  A. F. Bielajew. Electron Transport in E⃗ and B⃗ Fields. In T.M. Jenkins, W.R. Nelson, A. Rindi, A.E. Nahum, and D.W.O. Rogers, editors, Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons, pages 421 – 434. Plenum Press, New York, 1989.
  5. [5]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. Electron Step-Size Artefacts and PRESTA. In T.M. Jenkins, W.R. Nelson, A. Rindi, A.E. Nahum, and D.W.O. Rogers, editors, Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons, pages 115 – 137. Plenum Press, New York, 1989.
  6. [6]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. Variance-reduction techniques. In T.M. Jenkins, W.R. Nelson, A. Rindi, A.E. Nahum, and D.W.O. Rogers, editors, Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons, pages 407 – 419. Plenum Press, New York, 1989.
  7. [7]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. 20 MeV electrons on a slab of water. In T.M. Jenkins, W.R. Nelson, A. Rindi, A.E. Nahum, and D.W.O. Rogers, editors, Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons, pages 139 – 152. Plenum Press, New York, 1989.
  1. [8]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. Experimental benchmarks of EGS. In T.M. Jenkins, W.R. Nelson, A. Rindi, A.E. Nahum, and D.W.O. Rogers, editors, Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons, pages 307 – 322. Plenum Press, New York, 1989.
  2. [9]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. A comparison of EGS and ETRAN. In T.M. Jenkins, W.R. Nelson, A. Rindi, A.E. Nahum, and D.W.O. Rogers, editors, Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons, pages 323 – 344. Plenum Press, New York, 1989.Government, university, or industrial reports (non-refereed)

References

  1. [1]  H. Hirayama, Y. Namito, A. F. Bielajew, S. J. Wilderman, and W. R. Nelson. The EGS5 Code Sys- tem. Report KEK 2005-8/SLAC-R-730, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization/Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Tskuba, Japan/Stanford, USA, 2005.
  2. [2]  A. F. Bielajew, C. Hartmann-Siantar, I. Kawrakow, P. J. Keall, C-M. Ma, A. Nahum, F. Salvat, M. C. White, P. Andreo, and A. Trkov. Monte carlo transport in radiotherapy. current status and prospects, and physical data needs. IAEA SSDL Newsletter, 43:26 – 40, 2000.
  3. [3]  A. F. Bielajew. HOWFAR and HOWNEAR: Geometry Modeling for Monte Carlo Particle Transport. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0341, 1995.
  4. [4]  K. R. Borg and A. F. Bielajew. QUADPLOT: A programme to plot quadric surfaces. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0491, 1995.
  5. [5]  A. F. Bielajew, H. Hirayama, W. R. Nelson, and D. W. O. Rogers. History, overview and recent improve- ments of EGS4. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0436, 1994.
  6. [6]  W. R. Nelson, A. F. Bielajew, D. W. O. Rogers, and H. Hirayama. EGS4 in ’94: A decade of enhancements. Stanford Linear Accelerator Report SLAC-PUB-6625 (Stanford, Calif), 1994.
  7. [7]  R. Wang, S. Duane, and A. F. Bielajew. A new scheme for Monte Carlo electron and photon transport. NRC Report PIRS-0355, 1993.
  8. [8]  J. L. Karr and A. F. Bielajew. PIF [Prepare Input File (for PEGS4)]. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0365, 1993.
  9. [9]  J. L. Karr and A. F. Bielajew. A 1-D cubic spline routine for fitting electron elastic cross sections. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0366, 1993.
  10. [10]  A. F. Bielajew. How to manage the EGS4 system. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0391, 1993.
  11. [11]  A. F. Bielajew. Running EGS4 on other machines. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0392, 1993.
  12. [12]  A. F. Bielajew. Photon Monte Carlo simulation. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0393, 1993.
  13. [13]  A. F. Bielajew. Electron Monte Carlo simulation. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0394, 1993.
  14. [14]  A. F. Bielajew. Efficiency, statistics and sampling. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0395, 1993.
  15. [15]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. Variance reduction techniques. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0396, 1993.
  1. [16]  A. F. Bielajew. Graphics! National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0397, 1993.
  2. [17]  J. Mizia and A. F. Bielajew. The density effect on electron stopping powers in condensed, granular materials.NRC Report PIRS-0322, pages 1 – 10, 1992.
  3. [18]  E. White and A. F. Bielajew. Optimizing sampling efficiency for Monte Carlo applications. NationalResearch Council of Canada Report PIRS-0332, 1992.
  4. [19]  A. F. Bielajew and P. E. Weibe. EGS-Windows – A Graphical Interface to EGS. NRCC Report: PIRS-0274,1991.
  5. [20]  C. M. Ma, A. E. Nahum, D. W. O. Rogers, and A. F. Bielajew. Monte Carlo calculated wall correctionand absorbed dose conversion factors for Fricke dosimetry using NRC vials. NRCC Report PIRS285, 1991.
  6. [21]  A. F. Bielajew. Improved angular sampling for pair production in the EGS4 code system. NRCC Report:PIRS-0287, 1991.
  7. [22]  S. Duane, A. F. Bielajew, and D. W. O. Rogers. Use of ICRU-37/NBS collision stopping powers in theEGS4 system. NRCC Report PIRS-0173, Ottawa, March, 1989.
  8. [23]  D. W. O. Rogers, S. Duane, A. F. Bielajew, and W. R. Nelson. Use of ICRU-37/NBS radiative stoppingpowers in the EGS4 system. National Research Council of Canada report PIRS-0177, 1989.
  9. [24]  A. F. Bielajew, R. Mohan, and C. S. Chui. Improved bremsstrahlung photon angular sampling in the EGS4code system. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0203, 1989.
  10. [25]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. Preliminary notes on wall attenuation corrections. BIPM DocumentCCEMRI(1)/88-23, 1988.
  11. [26]  K. R. Shortt, A. F. Bielajew, D. W. O. Rogers, and C. K. Ross. Calculation of the Ratio of Nx for Cesiumand Cobalt. NRC Report PIRS-0142 (Ottawa, Ont), 1988.
  12. [27]  A. F. Bielajew. RNG64 – A 64-bit random number generator for use on a VAX computer. National ResearchCouncil of Canada Report PIRS-0049, 1986.
  13. [28]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. PRESTA: The Parameter Reduced Electron-Step Transport Algorithmfor electron Monte Carlo transport. National Research Council of Canada Report PIRS-0042, 1986.
  14. [29]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. Photoelectron angular distribution in the EGS4 code system. NationalResearch Council of Canada Report PIRS-0058, 1986.
  15. [30]  D. W. O. Rogers, G. M Ewart, A. F. Bielajew, and G. van Dyk. Calculation of Contamination of the 60CoBeam from an AECL Therapy Source. NRC Report PXNR-2710, 1985.
  16. [31]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. The use of EGS for Monte Carlo calculations in medical physics.Report PXNR-2692, National Research Council of Canada, (Ottawa, Canada K1A 0R6), 1984.
  17. [32]  A. F. Bielajew. Non-perturbative approaches to a relativistic quantum field theory of nuclear matter. (PhDThesis, Stanford University), 1982.
  18. [33]  A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. RALPHA, A Fortran subroutine to calculate neutron flux in theassociated particle method. NRC Report PXNR 2474, 1978.
  19. [34]  D. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew. Calculation of the Efficiency of a Proton Recoil Counter for measuringD-T neutrons. NRC Report PXNR 2475, 1978.

Publications in popular press/magazines

References

[1] W. R. Nelson and A. F. Bielajew. EGS – A Technology Spinoff to Medicine. Beam Line (#1), 21:7 – 11, 1991.

Invited publications and presentations

  1. 2014 National Research Council of Canada, Ionising Radiation Standards, Bill Dixon – a celebration: History of the 60Co Radiotherapy Unit Ottawa, Canada, May
  2. 2014 International Workshop on Monte Carlo Techniques in Medical Physics (MCW2014), Laval University, Incorporating Electric and Magnetic Fields into EGSnrc Laval University, Quebec City, Canada, June
  3. 2013 Ionising Radiation Metrology Forum Resolution of the 1/r2 γ-irradiation anomaly of the
    Nuclear Enterprises 2575 ionization chamber National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK, November
  4. 2013 National Research Council of Canada, Ionising Radiation Standards, New Advances in Dosimetry Ottawa, Canada, January
  5. 2007 Monte Carlo methods (2 Lectures): (a) Basics of Monte Carlo Transport(b) Geometry Modelling
    National Physical Laboratory, Reddington, UK, March

7. 2005 Course on Applied Dosimetry (5 Lectures):

(a) Microscopic Radiation Physics (b) Macroscopic Radiation Physics

(c) Photon Dose Calculation Models (d) Electron Dose Calculation Models

(e) Air Kerma Calibration of Ionization Chambers Umea, Sweden, June

  1. 2005 Monte Carlo Methods Conference Plenary Session: Contour-Based Denoising of Dose Profiles Talla- hassee, USA, May
  2. 2005 Cross Cancer Institute The current status and limitations of Monte Carlo codes for use in radiotherapy dose planning Edmonton, USA, March
  3. 2005 College of Engineering/Medical School Poster Dinner Is radiation more lethal in the presence of modest external magnetic fields? Ann Arbor, USA, March
  4. 2004 Festschrift for Ed Larsen New Algorithms for Smoothing Global Monte Carlo Noise Ann Arbor, USA, August
  5. 2004 Third International Workshop on EGS The New Electron Physics in EGS5 Tsukuba City, Japan, August
  6. 2004 Tenth International Conference on Radiation Shielding and Thirteenth Topical meetings on Radiation Protection and Shielding Plenary Session: Summary of the “Big Challenges in Monte Carlo: From Physics to Biology” Workshop Funchal, Madeira, May
  7. 2004 Advanced Workshop on “Current Topics in Monte Carlo Treatment Planning” Novel algorithms for smoothing global Monte Carlo noise in treatment planning applications McGill University, Montreal, May
  1. 2003 The 7th Biennial ESTRO (European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology) Meeting on Physics and Radiation Technology for Clinical Radiotherapy Speeding up Monte Carlo for treatment planning Geneva, September
  2. 2003 The 9th UK Monte Carlo Users Group meeting (MCNEG) Where are EGS5 and DPM? Edinburgh, April
  3. 2003 Conventional and unconventional ways for speeding up dose calculations The University of Florida, Gainesville, March
  4. 2003 The 2nd International Workshop on “Advanced Radiation Transport with PENELOPE” Commis- sioning the DPM Monte Carlo code for clinical use Salou, Spain, January
  5. 2002 Treating Cancer with Monte Carlo…Why leave it to chance? Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of New Mexico, October
  6. 2000 Some recent advances in electron Monte Carlo transport and variance reduction Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, December
  7. 2000 DPM, a fast Monte Carlo code for Radiotherapy Treatment planning IAEA, Vienna, Austria, Novem- ber
  8. 2000 DPM, a Monte Carlo code designed for radiotherapy dose calculation International Workshop on Monte Carlo Treatment Planning, Stanford University, Stanford, November
  9. 2000 The MC2000 Conference (Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Application) (4 Lectures):
  1. (a)  Plenary Session Address: Some random thoughts on Monte Carlo electron and photon transport
  2. (b)  Keynote Address: The DPM Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Monte Carlo Code: Variance Reduc-tion and Experimental Verification
  3. (c)  An absolute moment-preserving electron-step transport mechanics scheme
  4. (d)  The status of “The Physics of EGS5” project

Lisbon, Portugal, October

  1. 2000 Innovative Electron Transport Methods in EGS5 Second International Workshop on EGS, Tsukuba City, Japan, August
  2. 2000 ADAC Laboratories Invited Presentations (2 Lectures):
  1. (a)  Overview of the University of Michigan’s Monte Carlo Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Project
  2. (b)  DPM, a fast, accurate Monte Carlo code optimized for photon and electron radiotherapy treatmentplanning dose calculations

ADAC Laboratories, Madison, April

  1. 2000 DPM, an ultrafast Monte Carlo code for radiotherapy dose calculation: Breaking the 5 minute/single workstation barrier Conference on Computational Radiation Dosimetry: New Applications and Needs for Standards, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, April
  2. 1999 EGS5: A decade of pent-up desire 4’th Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications Raleigh, North Carolina, October
  3. 1999 International Workshop on Electron and Photon Transport Theory (2 Lectures):
  1. (a)  Improved electron transport mechanics in the PENELOPE Monte Carlo model
  2. (b)  DPM, a fast, accurate Monte Carlo code optimized for photon and electron radiotherapy treatmentplanning dose calculations

Indiana University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Indianapolis, Indiana, August

  1. 1999 Monte Carlo in Medical Physics: The Application of Dose Calculations in Radiotherapy. Why Gamble With Anything Else? Colloquium at Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, January
  2. 1998 Monte Carlo dose calculation: Why leave it to chance? Indiana University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Indianapolis, Indiana, December
  3. 1998 BEEP: The benchmark exercise for electrons and photons Conference on shielding Aspects of Accel- erators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities—SATIF 4, Knoxville, Tennessee, September
  4. 1998 Low-energy improvements in Monte Carlo methods with potential new applications in medical physics and radiation dosimetry New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, May
  5. 1998 A Practical and Theoretical course in Radiotherapy Physics, (2 lectures): (a) Monte Carlo methods – What, Why and How?(b) Applications of the Monte Carlo Method in Radiation Dosimetry and Radiotherapy Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK, November
  1. 1998 Low-energy improvements in the EGS4 Monte Carlo method with potential new applications in medical physics and radiation dosimetry University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, June
  2. 1998 Plenary Address: Monte Carlo methods for radiotherapy: Why gamble with anything else? American Nuclear Society Northern Student Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, April
  3. 1998 Low-energy improvements in EGS with new applications in medical physics and radiation dosimetry Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, February
  4. 1997 A Practical and Theoretical course in Radiotherapy Physics, (2 lectures): (a) Monte Carlo methods – What, Why and How?(b) Applications of the Monte Carlo Method in Radiation Dosimetry and Radiotherapy Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK, November
  1. 1997 From “black art” to “black box”: Towards a step-size independent electron transport condensed history algorithm using the physics of EGS4/PRESTA-I Joint International Conference on Mathematical Methods and Supercomputing for Nuclear Applications, Saratoga Springs, New York, October
  2. 1997 Stable Monte Carlo electron-step transport mechanics The E = mc2 Conference, Elocutions on Monte Carlo in Monte Carlo, Principality of Monaco, September
  3. 1997 High Accuracy Monte Carlo Calculations The International Organization of Medical Physics World Congress, Nice, France, September
  4. 1997 Keynote Address: Monte Carlo dose calculation: Why gamble with anything else? The PERM- IT Conference (Physics Engineering Radiation Medicine with an emphasis on Information Technology), Adelaide, Australia, September
  5. 1997(a) History and overview of EGS4
    (b) Basic photon transport physics in EGS4(c) Basic electron transport physics in EGS4 (d) Step-size dependencies and PRESTA(e) Efficiency, Statistics and Sampling (f) Running EGS4 on other machines(g) Variance reduction techniques

    The PERM-IT Conference (Physics Engineering Radiation Medicine with an emphasis on Information Technology), Adelaide, Australia, September

60. 1997

(a) PRESTA-I =⇒ PRESTA-II: The new physics

(b) Monte Carlo dose calculation: Why gamble with anything else? First International Workshop on EGS, Tsukuba City, Japan, August

  1. 1997 PRESTA-I =⇒ PRESTA-II: The new physics International Workshop on Electron and Photon Trans- port Theory Applied to Radiation Dose Calculations, Lanzl Institute, Seattle, Washington, June
  2. 1997 The UK MCNEG conference (United Kingdom Monte Carlo Neutron Electron Gamma User Group, (2 lectures):(a) The role of electron step-sizes in Monte Carlo calculations (b) PRESTA-II: New physics and initial trialsQueen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham, UK, April
  1. 1996 Monte Carlo based treatment planning—a reality in THIS millenium Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK, November
  2. 1996 A Practical and Theoretical course in Radiotherapy Physics, (2 lectures): (a) Monte Carlo methods – What, Why and How?(b) Applications of the Monte Carlo Method in Radiation Dosimetry and Radiotherapy Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK, November
  1. 1996 The future role of the condensed history technique in electron Monte Carlo calculations Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, September
  2. 1996 Historical and future contributions of Monte Carlo calculations to radiation dosimetry, metrology and radiotherapy CEA, Saclay. France, June
  3. 1996 Recent advances in electron Monte Carlo methods Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiolog- ical Sciences, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, April
  4. 1996 Monte Carlo: Box magic or Pandoran? WESCAN Conference, Edmonton, March
  5. 1995 Status of the EGS4 code and advances in Monte Carlo electron transport Chalk River Laboratories,Chalk River, October
  6. 1995 Advances in Monte Carlo electron transport Biennial Meeting on Physics in Clinical Radiotherapy of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Gardone Riviera, Italy, October
  7. 1995 American Nuclear Society International Conference on Mathematics and Computations, Reactor Physics and Environmental Analyses, (2 lectures):
  1. (a)  EGS4 timing benchmark results: Why Monte Carlo is a viable option for radiotherapy treatment planning
  2. (b)  Incorporating the Livermore photon interaction data base into the electron-photon Monte Carlo trans- port code EGS4

Portland, Oregon, May

76. 1995 International Workshop on Electron and Photon Transport Theory Applied to Radiation Dose Cal- culations (2 Lectures):

(a) A new small angle multiple-scattering theory

(b) A hybrid multiple-scattering theory for accurate electron Monte Carlo transport

Lanzl Institute, Seattle, Washington, September

78. 1995 Geometry modeling in Monte Carlo calculations Carleton University, Ottawa, April

  1. 1994 Advances in electron transport theory OCIP Christmas Symposium at Carleton University, Ottawa, December
  2. 1994 Advances in ionisation chamber dosimetry theory and new theoretical techniques University of Wis- consin at Madison, November
  3. 1994 Exact plural and multiple elastic electron Rutherford scattering: assessment of Moli`ere and Keil- Zeitler-Zinn theories World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August
  4. 1994 A new universal small-angle multiple scattering theory and its use in the design of novel electron transport algorithms Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, USA, June
  5. 1994 A new universal small-angle multiple scattering theory and its use in the design of novel electron transport algorithms Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA, June
  6. 1994 Monte Carlo modeling for radiotherapy and dosimetry First World Congress on Computational Medicine and Public Health, Austin, Texas, April
  7. 1994 Response of thick-walled ion chambers to photon fields—point-source non-uniformity and wall effects University of G ̈oteborg, G ̈oteborg, Sweden, April
  8. 1994 The Nordic Medical Radiation Physics Monte Carlo course (5 lectures)(a) System considerations and installation of EGS4
    (b) Variance reduction techniques and statistics in Monte Carlo transport (c) Overview and history of EGS
    (d) The physics of EGS
    (e) Step-size dependencies in macroscopic techniquesLink ̈oping University, Link ̈oping, Sweden, April

91. 1994 Keynote address: Monte Carlo modeling in external electron-beam radiotherapy—why leave it to chance? Eleventh International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy, Manchester, United Kingdom, March

  1. 1993 Magnetic fields and e− beams — p+ beam-like beam confinement at a fraction of the cost McGill University, Montreal
  2. 1992 Why proton machines for radiotherapy are a BIG waste of money Carleton University, Ottawa
  3. 1992 The historical and future impact of Monte Carlo modeling on radiotherapy Royal Brisbane Hospital,Brisbane, Australia
  4. 1992 The physics of Monte Carlo modeling (5 lectures)(a) Why Monte Carlo?—The history of EGS
    (b) Photon physics and benchmarks
    (c) Electron physics and benchmarks
    (d) The selection of transport parameters
    (e) Random number generation, variance reduction and samplingAustralasian Medical Physics Conference, Brisbane, Australia
  1. 1992 Keynote address: The historical and future impact of Monte Carlo modeling on radiotherapy Aus- tralasian Medical Physics Conference, Brisbane, Australia
  2. 1992 Developments in EGS4 Monte Carlo methods since Release 4 Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta
  3. 1992 Developments in EGS4 Monte Carlo methods since Release 4 GSF–Forschungazentrum fu ̈r Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg, Germany
  1. 1991 The effect of external magnetic fields on dose deposition in electron and photon fields London Regional Cancer Centre, London, Ontario
  2. 1991 Electron-Gamma-Showers: A Technology Spinoff to Medicine Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford
  3. 1991 Great EGS pectations: Recent and proposed improvements and applications in the EGS4 code system Varian Associates, Palo Alto
  4. 1991 Recent improvements in the EGS4 code system Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford
  5. 1990 A Review of Convolution/Superposition Methods for Photon Beam Dose Computation ICCR Confer-ence, Lucknow, India
  6. 1990 Recent developments in ion chamber theory—analytic and Monte Carlo methods University of Madison at Wisconsin
  7. 1990 Dosimetry calculations using the EGS4 Monte Carlo code: Application to correction factors for expo- sure or air-kerma standardisation ESTRO Conference, Montecatini Terme, Italy
  8. 1990 Time to do an air kerma measurement–Do you know where your chamber is? Memorial Sloan- Kettering Institute, New York
  9. 1989 Improving air-kerma (exposure) standards by Monte Carlo techniques Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, London, England
  10. 1988 On the technique of extrapolation to obtain wall correction factors for thick-walled ion chambers irradiated by photon beams Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, Thunder Bay
  11. 1988 Monte Carlo simulation of electron-photon transport and applications to radiation dosimetry and treatment planning Institute of Applied Physiology and Medicine, Seattle
  12. 1988 Monte Carlo transport of electrons and photons below 50 MeV—report on the international workshop at Erice Radiation Physics Workshop, Chalk River
  13. 1988 New Theoretical Methods in Medical Physics—Dosimetry and Treatment Planning? Carleton Univer- sity, Ottawa
  14. 1987 Three lectures:(a) Electron step-size artefacts and the PRESTA Algorithm (b) Variance reduction techniques(c) Electron transport in electric and magnetic fields
    International School of Radiation Damage and Protection at Erice, Sicily
  1. 1987 A comparison of electron pencil beam and Monte Carlo calculational methods Ninth International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy, The Hague
  2. 1987 Monte Carlo and radiotherapy treatment planning—strange bedfellows? Royal Marsden Hospital, London, England
  3. 1986 Monte Carlo benchmark calculations for inhomogeneous phantoms subject to photon fields Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation, Regina
  4. 1984 The Monte Carlo simulation of ion chamber response Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto
  5. 1982 A relativistic quantum field theory for nuclear physics Division of Physics, NRCC, Ottawa
  6. 1982 Non-perturbative approximations to a many-body relativistic quantum field theory TRIUMF, Vancou- ver
  7. 1978 The τ heavy lepton Second InterAmerican Undergraduate Conference on Theoretical Physics, Austin